The play Romeo and Juliet Essay Example For Students

The play Romeo and Juliet Essay The play Romeo and Juliet was written by a famous play write called William Shakespeare (1564-1616). He wrote many plays including MacBeth, Twelfth Night, As You Like It but Romeo and Juliet is one of his most popular tragedies. This is a play about two people in love brought together by hatred. The way William Shakespeares plays were performed is unusual to todays standard but very usual in the 16th century. Young boys not women performed the parts of women in these plays. Women were not allowed to act on stage. Shakespeares plays were performed at the Globe Theatre or the Black Fairs Theatre. Some times though they would get a special presentation at the courts of Queen Elizabeth 1st and King James 1st. We will write a custom essay on The play Romeo and Juliet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The Montagues and Capulets are two rivalry families. They are involved in a family feud that goes back years before any of the members were born. Yet the feud still continues due to the fact that neither family is ready to forgive and forget the past. Even the townspeople are involved because the families do not keep the feud in the privacy of their own home but have been seen fighting in the public streets and displaying violence. They disrupt the peace of Verona and even Prince Escalus personally had to break up a fight, where the family members were heavily fined. They were also given a warning that another public fight could result in death. While this is occurring Romeo, the main character, is getting over his last love, Rosaline, and was very upset. Juliet of the Capulet household has just been introduced to a wealthy young man, Paris, who her parents wish her to marry. Yet she does not love him. During this Romeo, who is in love with Rosaline, goes to a party in an effort to forget her or to rebuild his broken heart. At this party he meets Juliet, and immediately falls in love with her. He later finds out that she is a Capulet, the rival family of the Montagues. He decides that he loves her anyway and they confess their love for each other during the very famous balcony scene in which they agree to secretly marry the next day. Friar Lawrence agrees to marry them in an effort to end the feuding between the families. Unfortunately, the fighting gets worse and Mercutio, a good friend of Romeos, ends up in a fight with Tybalt, Juliets cousin. Tybalt kills Mercutio, which causes Romeo to kill Tybalt in an angry rage. For this, Romeo is banished from Verona. At the same time, the Capulets are planning Juliets marriage to Paris. Juliet does not want to marry this man so she arranges with Friar Lawrence to fake her own death with a sleeping potion that will make everyone think that she is dead. Friar Lawrence promises to send word to Romeo to meet her when the potion wears off and to rescue her to Mantua, where Romeo is currently staying. There they would live happily ever after. Unfortunately, Romeo does not receive this message on time and upon hearing of her death goes to Juliets tomb where he drinks poison and dies. When Juliets potion wears off, she awakens to find her lovers body. She then stabs herself with Romeos dagger. The two families find the bodies and their shared sorrow; finally make peace with each other. In act 3 scene 5 Juliet has just said goodbye to Romeo who had stayed the night (they made love) before her mother (lady cap) catches him. Juliet is happy until her mother drops the news about her forth-coming marriage to Paris. Once her mother tells her this, she tells her mother what she thinks. Juliet says no to her mother .u291be99eec1faf5389396deb700f5f20 , .u291be99eec1faf5389396deb700f5f20 .postImageUrl , .u291be99eec1faf5389396deb700f5f20 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u291be99eec1faf5389396deb700f5f20 , .u291be99eec1faf5389396deb700f5f20:hover , .u291be99eec1faf5389396deb700f5f20:visited , .u291be99eec1faf5389396deb700f5f20:active { border:0!important; } .u291be99eec1faf5389396deb700f5f20 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u291be99eec1faf5389396deb700f5f20 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u291be99eec1faf5389396deb700f5f20:active , .u291be99eec1faf5389396deb700f5f20:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u291be99eec1faf5389396deb700f5f20 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u291be99eec1faf5389396deb700f5f20 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u291be99eec1faf5389396deb700f5f20 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u291be99eec1faf5389396deb700f5f20 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u291be99eec1faf5389396deb700f5f20:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u291be99eec1faf5389396deb700f5f20 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u291be99eec1faf5389396deb700f5f20 .u291be99eec1faf5389396deb700f5f20-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u291be99eec1faf5389396deb700f5f20:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Shakespeare s use of context in Hamlet EssayHe shall not make me a joyful bride This shows that she says if he married her it would not make her happy just sad and angry. Her mother thinks she is upset because of the death of her cousin Tybalt plus Juliet is already married to Romeo. Maybe Lady Capulet feels let down by Juliet, as they have already told Paris the answer will be a yes. Lord Capulet in this scene is quite different he is a lot angrier and is violet (In this time though arranged marriages were common). I tell thee what: get thee to church a, or never look me in the face. Juliet reacts to this by just crying. When the nurse tries to stick up for Juliet lord Capulet Hold your tongue This just means shut up and tells her to go. He obviously means he will have nothing more to do with her if she doesnt marry Paris. The nurse in this scene is a bit unsure what to do, she can either help Juliet. She chooses to help Juliet but really gets told by Lord Capulet to disappear and stay out. In the Zephereilli version at the start of the play it starts with a brawl but uses swords instead of guns in the Luhrman version. It still shows you the hate between the two families right at the start. The prince of Vernona rides in on horse back compared to luhrmans modern version of him travelling in a car instead of horse back in Zephereilli. In the two films the language is slightly different. The old version is perfect to the language that would have been used and the modern one; sticks to the original scrip, but some of the speeches and sentences have been shorted. If I was directing Act 3 scene 5 the actors I would use is: Romeo: Prince William because he is a good-looking guy girls love him and is the right age for the part. Juliet: Kelly Brook because she is beautiful an actress and is again the right age for the part. Lord and Lady Montague: Richard and Judy (from channel 4) because theyre already married know how to present and a bit snobby. Lord and Lady Capulet: James Gandolfini and Lorraine Bracco because they are marred on screen and I think they would suit the part perfectly. Nurse: Judy Dench because she is a brilliant actress and looks and has played part of a mother figure before. The way I would set out the screen is not to have the argument in Juliets bedroom but over the dinner table at breakfast time. I think having it at the dinner table it would be more effective, it could show people anger more e.g. throw plates and chairs around. At the dinner table I would place lord and lady Capulet at each end of the table and Juliet and the nurse in the middle. Here is a picture to show where they sit: When Lord Capulet explodes with anger at Juliet I would use an extreme close up camera shot to show the anger on Lord Capulet face, and the same for Juliet to see the sadness on her face. I would use a panning shot to show everything in the scene and in the room. I would then add a new scene to the play. My scene would be in the garden after the fight at the dinner table. I would make Juliet run outside to get away from her father but when he catches her he would make him say something along the lines of Now tell our neighbours and friends how you disobey your father, Then use the line I tell thee what: get thee to church a` Thursday, or never look me in the face. .u5c78456c9e55a5aadaab692db33fb6bc , .u5c78456c9e55a5aadaab692db33fb6bc .postImageUrl , .u5c78456c9e55a5aadaab692db33fb6bc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5c78456c9e55a5aadaab692db33fb6bc , .u5c78456c9e55a5aadaab692db33fb6bc:hover , .u5c78456c9e55a5aadaab692db33fb6bc:visited , .u5c78456c9e55a5aadaab692db33fb6bc:active { border:0!important; } .u5c78456c9e55a5aadaab692db33fb6bc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5c78456c9e55a5aadaab692db33fb6bc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5c78456c9e55a5aadaab692db33fb6bc:active , .u5c78456c9e55a5aadaab692db33fb6bc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5c78456c9e55a5aadaab692db33fb6bc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5c78456c9e55a5aadaab692db33fb6bc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5c78456c9e55a5aadaab692db33fb6bc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5c78456c9e55a5aadaab692db33fb6bc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5c78456c9e55a5aadaab692db33fb6bc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5c78456c9e55a5aadaab692db33fb6bc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5c78456c9e55a5aadaab692db33fb6bc .u5c78456c9e55a5aadaab692db33fb6bc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5c78456c9e55a5aadaab692db33fb6bc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Written play EssayAfter her father has walked a way I would use a panning shot top show Juliet kneeling on the grass crying to so her sadness and everything around her. I directed my play like this because I think it would have been good and effective and just a little bit unique to the original scene and it shows the moods of the characters better. In the play my favourite character was Romeo because hes a man that knows what he wants and fights for what he loves. My favourite line in act 3 scene 5 was, Farewell, farewell! One kiss, and Ill descend. I like this line because it makes me laugh and shows the love Romeo has for Juliet, as he wont leave without a kiss from his loved one. There is more to love than lust. Or you could say that Romeo and Juliet did not take the time to get to know each other and form a deep intimate relationship. They rushed into their relationship. It may have really been true love that was mutually felt by both of them though. Even though this is a well-known play if I had my choice I would read it again because you have to re-read what you read to understand it fully. My favourite character was Romeo because he shows what love really means. My favourite scene is the balcony scene because here it shows how each one loves one another. Overall, it was a good play to read and direct myself. The play Romeo and Juliet Essay Example For Students The play Romeo and Juliet Essay The play Romeo and Juliet presents true love in the form of star-crossed loversà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ and just as their love is depicted as eternal, the play itself has endured for years. There have been many adaptations of the play in the forms of books, films, ballets and plays. Several books have been loosely based on the story, involving young lovers of different religion or different race who are not permitted to be together. These are always very popular because people want to find true love. The words Romeo and Julietà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ conjure up images associated with true love; but the play explores many views of loveà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. Each character in the play has a different personality and view on life, therefore they perceive loveà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ in their own distinct way, adding a clear contrast to Romeo and Julietà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s first love, which is true and pure. We will write a custom essay on The play Romeo and Juliet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The play Romeo and Julietà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ is the story of true love and devotion and it is therefore unexpected that the first reference to relationships in the play is all about sex. The first two characters that the audience is introduced to are Sampson and Gregory. They are vulgar and crude, making many sexual references and innuendoes. They do not see love as involving emotions or desires, but as a purely physical thing, sexual not emotional. Sampson refers to women as weaker vessels and tells of how he will rape the maids of the Montague household; Women being the weaker vessels are ever thrust to the wall, I will push Montagueà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s men from the wall, and thrust his maids to the wall. Both Sampson and Gregory have petty and narrow perceptions of loveà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. Neither of them appears to have ever experienced true love. They talk in a crude and coarse manner, brag about their own attributesà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ and see women as objects not people. They are typical of yobsà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ in society today, the type of people who fight because they think they should because society expects them to or because of feuding that spans generations. Other contrasts to Romeo and Juliet in the play are the nurse and Mercutio. Mercutio is volatile and lively with an amazing imagination. He loves life and makes the most of each day. His love for words and puns is shown to its full in his speech about Queen Mab. The speech starts off being very idealistic and fantastical She gallops night by night Through loversà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ brains, and then they dream of love, As it continues, the speech becomes vulgar and moves from the image of a beautiful fairy to ideas of war and suffering, Sometime she driveth oà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½er a soldiers neck, And then dreams he of cutting foreign throats. Mercutio is the kind of person who gets restless very easily. He thinks that Romeo is wasting his time with Rosaline, and mocks him. In general Mercutio has a clouded view of loveà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. Like Sampson and Gregory he considers loveà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ only in sexual terms rather than emotions, shown in his crude language, The nurse is similar to Mercutio in her use of vulgar language. The nurse is the equivalent of Julietà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s mother, she raised and looked after her and is very close to Juliet. Juliet is in fact a lot closer to the nurse than to her own mother. The one person that Juliet has always loved is the nurse. The nurse is the only character in the play that she tells about her love for Romeo. Juliet confides in the nurse, because she is like her mother. The nurse has a blunt attitude towards love and sex, but is an affectionate and loving woman who wants Juliet to be happy. She has a tendency to talk a lot and often strays from her subject. The nurse had a husband whom she loved dearly, but he died. She refers to him in her story about Juliet falling on her face, the story is vulgar and she repeats it several times, finding it very funny. Clearly she and her husband shared a bawdy sense of humour. And yet I warrant it had upon it brow A bump as big as a young cockà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½relà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s stone, A perilous knock, and it cried bitterly. Yeaà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, quoth my husband, fallà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½st upon thy face? Thou wilt fall backward when thou comest to age, .u7d586814af15a58c93cf7852830bb35c , .u7d586814af15a58c93cf7852830bb35c .postImageUrl , .u7d586814af15a58c93cf7852830bb35c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7d586814af15a58c93cf7852830bb35c , .u7d586814af15a58c93cf7852830bb35c:hover , .u7d586814af15a58c93cf7852830bb35c:visited , .u7d586814af15a58c93cf7852830bb35c:active { border:0!important; } .u7d586814af15a58c93cf7852830bb35c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7d586814af15a58c93cf7852830bb35c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7d586814af15a58c93cf7852830bb35c:active , .u7d586814af15a58c93cf7852830bb35c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7d586814af15a58c93cf7852830bb35c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7d586814af15a58c93cf7852830bb35c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7d586814af15a58c93cf7852830bb35c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7d586814af15a58c93cf7852830bb35c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7d586814af15a58c93cf7852830bb35c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7d586814af15a58c93cf7852830bb35c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7d586814af15a58c93cf7852830bb35c .u7d586814af15a58c93cf7852830bb35c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7d586814af15a58c93cf7852830bb35c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Romeo and Juliet Coursework on Act III Scene V EssayWilt thou not, Jule?à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ It stinted and said Ayà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. The nurse is often vulgar and crude, but she truly cares for Juliet. The nurse aids Julietà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s love for Romeo but in the end she tries to persuade Juliet to marry Paris. She has a big heart but clearly has no understanding of the depth of Julietà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s love for Romeo nor does she consider the sanctity of her marriage. For Juliet the nurse is like her best friend. Romeo has the Friar to confide in. Friar Lawrence marries the couple and tries to help them whenever possible. He wants the best for them and thinks that if they marry then possibly the feuding will end; In one respect Ià ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ll thy assistant be: For this may so happy prove To turn your householdsà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ rancour to pure love The friar tells Romeo not to rush things with Juliet, but when Romeo asks him to marry them he agrees. The friar approves of their love and truly cares about what happens to Romeo and Juliet. At the end of the play we see him trying to persuade Juliet not to kill herself and then when she has he explains to everyone why he married them. Juliet and her mother, Lady Capulet, do not seem to have a close relationship. In the first act, Juliet feels that she must please her mother by obeying her every wish. As the play progresses we see that Lady Capulet has clear ides of what she considers best for her daughter. She sings the praises of Paris when she is informing Juliet of his desires. Lady Capulet describes Paris as valiantà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ and tells Juliet that all his love needs is a cover, the cover will be her. And what obscured in this fair volume lies Find written in the margent of his eyes. This precious book of love, this unbound lover, To beautify him, only lacks a cover. She seems less interested about whether the couple will love each other, more concerned with how suitable he is. Paris is the man whom Capulet wants Juliet to marry. Paris explains his feelings for Juliet to Capulet. It seems that Paris does love Juliet because when Romeo kills him he asks to be put in her tomb, If thou be merciful, Open the tomb, lay me with Juliet. He has genuine emotions for Juliet and is devastated when she diesà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, Beguiled, divorcà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½d, wrongà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½d, spited, slain! Most detestable Death, by thee beguiled, By cruel, cruel thee quite overthrown! O love! O life! not life, but love in death! Paris is a good man who would be kind to Juliet but she does not love him. Julietà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s father however does seem to think that she would be happy with Paris. Capulet cares a lot for his daughter because all his other children have died and therefore she is very special to him; Earth hath swallowed all my hopes but she; Sheà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s the hopeful lady of my earth. Capulet wants the best for his daughter when Paris first explains his proposal, But woo her, gentle Paris, get her heart, And she agreed, within her scope of choice Lies my consent and fair according voice Capulet then starts to push Juliet into the marriage instead of letting her choose. He says that he will only let his daughter marry Paris if she consents, but then turns against this later in the play.Maybe he thinks that marriage to Paris will be in her best interests and he therefore pressurises her into it. This is why she feels she has to fake her own death. Capulet loves Juliet in the way that most parents love their children, but he goes one step further and tells her what to do instead of letting her make her own decisions. We do not know many details of Capuletà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s marriage; there are only hints that he is not happily married. So the main demonstration of love that we see from him, is towards his daughter. He is furious when Juliet defies him and is prepared to cast her out from his house! The focus of Capuletà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s attention is his daughter, Juliet. Juliet is only a child when she falls in love with Romeo. Her love for Romeo is true, pure and he is her first love. She loves him more than anything in the world, .ub6a917a0dec864f56c722d14eea67d88 , .ub6a917a0dec864f56c722d14eea67d88 .postImageUrl , .ub6a917a0dec864f56c722d14eea67d88 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub6a917a0dec864f56c722d14eea67d88 , .ub6a917a0dec864f56c722d14eea67d88:hover , .ub6a917a0dec864f56c722d14eea67d88:visited , .ub6a917a0dec864f56c722d14eea67d88:active { border:0!important; } .ub6a917a0dec864f56c722d14eea67d88 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub6a917a0dec864f56c722d14eea67d88 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub6a917a0dec864f56c722d14eea67d88:active , .ub6a917a0dec864f56c722d14eea67d88:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub6a917a0dec864f56c722d14eea67d88 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub6a917a0dec864f56c722d14eea67d88 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub6a917a0dec864f56c722d14eea67d88 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub6a917a0dec864f56c722d14eea67d88 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub6a917a0dec864f56c722d14eea67d88:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub6a917a0dec864f56c722d14eea67d88 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub6a917a0dec864f56c722d14eea67d88 .ub6a917a0dec864f56c722d14eea67d88-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub6a917a0dec864f56c722d14eea67d88:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How does Shakespeare Present Love in Romeo and Juliet EssayMy bounty is as boundless as the sea, My love as deep; the more I give to thee The more I have, for both are infinite. Julietà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s love for Romeo is the loveà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ that people crave. She loves him infinitely and will do anything for him, even die. Her devastation is immense when her love, Romeo, is banished from Verona. Juliet tells her family that she is distraught due to the death of her cousin, Tybalt, but her grief is caused by her undying love. Romeo and Juliet share a bond, which makes their love even more special. When they first meet each other they share their language. They both use biblical and religious words to express themselves. The first time they speak it is in the form of a sonnet; Romeo: If I profane with my unworthiest hand This holy shrine, the gentle sin is this, My lips two blushing pilgrims, ready stand To smooth that rough touch with a tender kiss. Juliet: Good pilgrim, you do wrong your hand too much, Which mannerly devotion shows in this, For saints have hands that pilgrims hands do touch, And palm to palm is holy palmersà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ kiss. The first moment that they meet, it is obvious that there is something special between them. Because of love, Julietà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s character changes through the play. She becomes less obedient towards her parents and more mature and independent as the play unfolds. She defies and deceives her father about Romeo and Paris. We realise how much she has changed when she talks herself round to supporting Romeo whilst he is banished. Romeo is different in many ways to Juliet, but he still loves her as much as she does him. The first time that he thought he was in love was with Rosaline. When he lovedà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ her he was not happy. The love was unrequited and was not genuine. Romeo became depressed when he realised that Rosaline did not love him. He was moody, withdrawn and used oxymorons in his speech, O brawling love, O loving hate, O any thing of nothing first create! O heavy lightness, serious vanity, Misshapen chaos of well-seeming forms, Still-waking sleep, that is not what it is! Romeo does not talk to his parents about his feelings. He confides in Mercutio and Benvolio but never informs his parents of his emotions. As he falls deeper in love with Juliet he grows happier and more sociable, whereas when he loved Rosaline he locked himself in his rooms for hours. With Juliet he risks his life to see her. Romeo and Juliet share a physical, passionate love as well as emotional love. The first night that they meet they do not want to leave each other. This is in the famous Balcony Sceneà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. Romeo risks his life to see Juliet by climbing the walls of the Capulet estate. He then stands beneath her window waiting to see her. He then describes her in such a loving way that it is almost unreal; Two of the fairest stars in all the heaven, Having some business, do entreat her eyes To twinkle in their spheres till they return. The couple share a night together when they are married and in the morning they do not want to leave each other. Juliet tries to make Romeo stay with her; Wilt thou be gone? It is not yet near day; It was the nightingale, and not the lark, That pierced the fearful hollow of thine ear; Nightly she sings on yond pomegranate tree. Believe me, love, it was the nightingale. These two young lovers defy their parents by marrying behind their backs, proving their love for one another. However the most definite affirmation of their love, is when the lovers make the ultimate sacrifice, their own lives. This pair of star-crossed lovers experience the most remarkable form of love imaginable, true love. Shakespeareà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s presentation of loveà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ in the play Romeo and Julietà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ varies. Some characters think only of sex, others demonstrate a form of love with their children, but the one true, pure love is that of Romeo and Juliet. Each character in the play provides a frame to their love, their attitudes contrasting with young lovers. Romeo and Juliet share a special bond together that will never be lost. They make the greatest sacrifice for each other and this proves their love

Perl String lc() Function

Perl String lc() Function Starting out with a new programming language can be challenging. Learning the functions is one way to go about it. The Perl string lc() function and uc() function are two basic functions that are easy to understand- they convert a string to all lowercase or all uppercase respectively. Perl  String lc() Function The  Perl  lc()  function takes a string, makes the entire thing lowercase and then returns the new string. For example: #!/usr/bin/perl $orig_string This Test Is Capitalized; $changed_string lc(  $orig_string ); print The Resulting String is: $changed_string\n; When executed, this code yields: The Resulting String is: this test is capitalized First, $orig_string is set to a value- in this case, This Test Is Capitalized. Then the lc() function is run on $orig_string. The lc() function takes the entire string $orig_string and converts it to its lowercase equivalent  and prints it out as instructed. Perl  String uc() Function As you might expect, Perls uc() function converts a string to all uppercase characters in the same manner. Just substitute uc for lc in the example above, as shown: #!/usr/bin/perl $orig_string This Test Is Capitalized; $changed_string uc(  $orig_string ); print The  Resulting String is: $changed_string\n; When executed, this code yields: The Resulting String is: THIS TEST IS CAPITALIZED About Perl Perl is a feature-rich programming language that was originally developed for use with text. It is cross-platform and runs on more than 100 platforms. Perl works with HTML and other markup languages, so it is frequently used in web development.

Prescription Drug Costs in Primary and Secondary Care UK Dissertation

Prescription Drug Costs in Primary and Secondary Care UK - Dissertation Example the negative value of the mean indicates that generally, the NHS drug tariff prices for the generic drugs are substantially higher than the prevailing retail market price for the branded drugs. The results of the paired samples t-test also showed that there were no significant difference on the costs of generic drugs based on the prices indicated in the NHS drug tariff and the prevailing retail market prices for the branded drugs. This result is absurd because in majority of the drugs considered in this t-test, the generic prices are generally higher than the branded medicines. This finding, however corroborates the results of Kanavos (2007) that the NHS is reimbursing the pharmacies significantly higher than the actual acquisition cost dispensed by the pharmacies. 16 Table 5. Distribution of Branded NHS Drugs with no Generic Equivalent 17 Table 6. Distribution of Generic NHS Drugs with no Branded Equivalent 17 4.4. Comparison of free prescriptions between England and Wales 23 4.5. T he issue of over-prescribing by UK General Practitioners 26 4.7. Wastage of prescription drugs 31 5.0. Results and Implications 33 5.1. Summary of findings 33 5.2. Implications for health care 35 While over-prescribing of drugs appear to be forced choices by physicians who are limited to prescribing only drugs approved for inclusion in the designated PCT formularies, the ramifications of the practice are brought to bear not only on the national coffers, but also on the risk of patients’ illness progressing in severity either because they are overwhelmed of the multiplicity of their medications or simply choose not to adhere to the regimen for whatever reason. Overprescribing also leads to drug wastage. Another implication of overprescribing is becoming more dangerous for large populations... Any drug has its own benefit – risk ratio. As enunciated by Brekenbridge. It is high time that people realise that medication is not all on the benefit side, as â€Å"there is no such thing as a free lunch with drugs† (Brekenbridge, as cited in Laurance, 2011. Drugs need to be taken as instructed, no more, no less. Over-prescribing is definitely out of the question. It should be all academic at this point that over-prescribing catalyses many repercussions, including higher risk of more serious illness, drug wastage, draining the NHS budget, illegal drug trade, and worst, morbidity and mortality. In this regard, continuing professional education for doctors, especially in drug pharmacology should be a fixed installation in the human resources development programme of NHS. Meanwhile, generic substitution seem to be a promising option for doctors to help save on drug expenditures. However, block decisions for generic substitution of branded medication should not be resorte d to. This matter is not a one-size fits all. Decisions should always be evidenced-based and done with the best interest of patients in mind. While there are cases where generic drugs are comparable in efficacy with their branded precursors, there are also generic drugs which compare poorly with branded medicines. Physicians who prescribe generics should always be on the lookout for non-performing substitutes.

Relationship management as a means of developing competitive edge Assignment

Relationship management as a means of developing competitive edge - Assignment Example This research will begin with the concept of relationship management and an overview of the organization which is used as an example for the implementation of this marketing concept. The area of research for this paper is the concept of relationship marketing and its application in the business scenario. Relationship marketing (RM) is defined as â€Å"the process of identifying and establishing, maintaining, enhancing, and when necessary terminating relationships with customers and another stakeholder, at a profit, so that the objective of all parties involved are met, where this is done by a mutual giving and fulfillment of promises†. The company being considered is called New Star Company and it was a pop music club before it merged with another company after which it became a fan club. After the merger, New Star Company still kept the members of its pop-music club with the intention that they would bring in new members into the fans club. They need to gain a foothold in the Chinese market and are looking into business strategies which will enable them to attract new members to their fans club, yet at the same time be able to retain their existing base of members. Relationship Management is about attracting, maintaining and enhancing the relationships between an organization and its customers. This marketing strategy came about as a result of the effects of low growth rate and deregulation which made it necessary for an organization to determine how they could maintain their existing customer base instead of developing new ones.... d are looking into business strategies which will enable them to attract new members to their fans club, yet at the same time be able to retain their existing base of members. In this research we will examine how relationship management can work as an effective business stra0tegy for the company to gain new members. Review of Relationship Management Relationship Management is about attracting, maintaining and enhancing the relationships between an organization and its customers. This marketing strategy came about as a result of the effects of low growth rate and deregulation which made it necessary for organization to determine how they could maintain their existing customer base instead of developing new ones. Relationship marketing involves using satisfied customers as a way for attracting n0ew customers. This means using the element of customer loyalty to gain strength in a new market, which calls for interaction between an organization and its customers, wherein it is necessary for both parties to share the same philosophy to successfully interact. The power of relationship marketing is seen in its unique feature of trying to establish a long-term and mutually beneficial relationship between an organization and its customer. In order to do this, relationship marketing focuses on gaining as much knowledge as possible on customer preferences and implementing these preferences into product and service design. "Relationship marketing is a long term orientation, all marketing activities directed toward establishing, developing, and maintaining successful relational exchanges". Kolter (2000) Difference between relationship marketing and transactional marketing In we need to understand how relationship marketing can benefit an organization we need to see how

Crisis Management --- Burger King's Horse Meat Scandal Essay

Crisis Management --- Burger King's Horse Meat Scandal - Essay Example The slogan of burger king is famous too, as it says â€Å"have it your way†. Burger king has been ranked 7th in brand awareness from all the companies of the world. 90% of the restaurants of burger king are owned and they are being operated by families who have been in this business for decades. This has helped burger king to grow; they have been successful in increasing their growth by maximizing their capital expenditure. One of the major weaknesses of burger is the lack of advertising. Burger king does not advertise its product like its competitors do, especially Mc Donald. This factor serves as a drawback for the company. Burger King although operates worldwide but majority of its restaurants are in United States (65%). This concentration of the company in a single geographical region gives rise to many undesirable factors which may affect the sales of Burger king e.g. inflation, strikes of labors, etc. The company needs to advertise its product as hygienic as well as halal. After the recent â€Å"horse meat scandal† (Phyllis M Daugherty, 2013) the company needs to advertise that the beef they are using has not originated from horse but it is from hygienic and acceptable source. Burger king is looking forward to overhaul its menu with new items such as â€Å"Seattle best coffee from Star buck†, â€Å"tender crisp premium chicken burger†. This will definitely help the company to increase its sales, generate profit and increase its market share. Burger king must start home delivery of their product. This would help in gaining customer satisfaction as the customer must be please to have their favorite fast food whenever they desire, by just dialing a number. The recent â€Å"Horse meat scandal† has damaged the goodwill of burger kill as the customers have started questioning that the products they are eating is from acceptable source or not (Phyllis M Daugherty, 2013). This has decreased the sales of burger king and has caused a bad name for the

Theories of Compulsive Buying Behaviour

Theories of Compulsive Buying Behaviour Above all, it should be noted that shopping is big business. Shopping centers employ approximately 8% of the US workforce. These portion of the workforce helps drive the machine that creates about  ½ of each state’s tax revenues and there are currently more malls and shopping centers that US high schools (Farrell, J. 2003, pp. xi-xii). Seemingly powering this juggernaut of commerce is ever increasing and apparently insatiable appetite of the modern consumer. Behind the 4x growth in the number of shopping centers and the over 3x growth in retail square footage during the 30-year period of 1970 – 2000, is the fact that Americans (and likely other â€Å"civilized† consumers) are consuming goods at twice (2x) the rate as they did in 1950 and ten-time(10x) as just over seventy years ago (Farrell, J. 2003, pp. xii-xiii). It is also worth noting that this increase in consumption is evidenced across all income levels though not necessarily equally across all segments (Gini, A. 2003, p. 85). In fact, more severe cases are significantly correlated to a lower the level of income, a greater likelihood of having below-average income and spending a lower percentage of income on sale items, suggesting overall an inability to handle financial issues well (Black, D. 2001, p. 23) As a ‘counter-statistic’, Americans have a level of production that is currently at approximately 2x that of the same period (1950). This implies that, we could consume the same amount as in 1950 and work half as much or, as reality has it, work even more to consume over twice as much (Gini, A. 2003 p. 82). Similarly, in a predictably correlational fashion, the not only has the number of shoppers and shopping centers increased but there has been a sharp increase in the number of newproducts, particularly in the advertised â€Å"must have† category as wellas the emergence of the entirely new â€Å"disposable† category (Pooler, J.2003, p. 9). As shoppers and products have changed, the relationship that existed between them has also morphed into something new. With the proliferation of retail venues that profer an ever-increasing number of products and categories, the arrival of the â€Å"disposable† product should not go unnoticed. Though without question, many if not most products are very high quality and manufactured to very exacting standards, many products are less durable or are â€Å"designed for obsolesce†. Durability was the characteristic that was promoted while the products of today push a message of convenience. In a society rampant with such explicit and implicit messages, it is no wonder that the emotional connections to most any product are decreasing (Pooler, J. 2003, p. 10). Products such as cameras or contact lenses were highly contemplated purchasesthat were expected to last a significant period of time. Likely more important than simple the volume of shopping is its intensity†¦shopping means more than it did in the past. Previously,people shopped for items that they needed. Now, such shopping still occurs but it occupies a small fraction of the process. Studies estimate that as much as 2/3 of consumer purchases are â€Å"unnecessary†(Pooler, J. 2003 p.2). This excess is bought from a want rather than need. As an additional sign of the times, consumer research has even indicated that over half of all gift purchases are actually gifts forâ€Å"me† (Pooler, J. 2003, p. 11). Shopping â€Å"used to be† a more utilitarian and logical task in which purchases were planned and for the most part, the consumer-focused onâ€Å"needs†. Contrasted with the modern shopper for whom it has been estimated that only about 1/3 of purchases are â€Å"necessary†, it is clear that unfulfilled desire must play a very much larger role (Pooler, J.2003, pp. 2, 6). For example, as Pooler states, â€Å"†¦people have a need for a new pair of pants but a desire to buy designer-label pants is a want†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Pooler, J. 2003, p. 22). Today, brands are power, disposablecontacts are the norm and OTUC, â€Å"one-time use camera†, are almost always within arms reach. It is important to note these products arenot inferior†¦in many ways, they are functionally far superior toyesterday’s products, rather, simply illustrative of a pervasivementality that merits acknowledgement and consideration. Understandingthe mentality that these â€Å" wants†, in the minds of individual consumers,are likely felt to be â€Å"needs†. The eye of the would-be beholder isparticularly relevant. By utilizing the â€Å"Hierarchy of Needs†, it is possible to shed significant insight into how some of these psychological shifts are occurring. Developed by noted psychologist Abraham Maslow over 75years ago, this pyramid of hierarchically ordered needs is fundamental to many issues with psychological affect. At the base of the pyramid are â€Å"basic needs† such as food, shelter and clothing. Above the basic,physiological level are needs that could be classified as â€Å"safety† and would include anything that can provide psychological security and stability. Above this are â€Å"social† needs such as the need for friends and companionship. Nearing the top of the pyramid are needs under thelabel of â€Å"self-esteem† in which feeling such as pride and respectbecome important. Finally, the highest level of needs is characterizedas being â€Å"self-actualization† needs in which a person has the desire tomake the â€Å"most† of themsel ves and to â€Å"be† more. A key component of Maslow’s influence is his belief that higher needs can not be addressed until lower needs are satisfied. This is especially salient as most people living in â€Å"modern† civilized countries have all the more â€Å"basic† needs met. Consequently and with few exceptions, most can spend their days in pursuit of the satisfaction of â€Å"higher† needs such as self-esteem and self-actualization. As America or any modern society has evolved, psychologist and philosopher Eric Fromm indicates that society and its members have also evolved to a point at which â€Å"being† is confused with â€Å"having† (Gini,A. 2003, p. 84). Such as materialist possessive mindset will leavevacant the needs at the top of the pyramid and individuals will exhibitfeelings associated with not having these innate needs unfulfilled. Fromm further indicates that much of the symptoms of this empty questare typical of a â€Å"western† mindset and ultimately result in a mentalityof â€Å"to be much is to have much† (Gini, A. 2003, p. 82). To have a high standard of life means to enjoy a pleasure intensely and tire of it quickly. Simon Patten (Hine, T. 2002 p. 17) The fact that people, in general, are consuming more, that there are more products and more places to buy them go a long way in describing in somewhat imprecise yet accurate terms that context of modern society. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs also provides significant insight into the circumstances of the continuing patterns of increasing consumption that indicated a struggle to satisfy a need that cannot be satiated through the mechanism of acquiring things. At this point, a further differentiation between â€Å"needs† and â€Å"wants† can be drawn: a need is often physical and should be satisfied externally; a want is most likely a psychological, internally manifested desire. In the same way that you could not satisfy a real, physical hunger with psychological fish and chips, attempts to quench a psychological desire with a tangible object are likely short-lived and misguided and willend in psychological frustration. This misguided attempts to assuage one’s highest psychological needs is not unreasonable given the mixed messages in society of which there is a clear emphasis placed upon highly superficial qualities. Shopping is simply the process whereby one attempts to execute these omnipresent messages. As a cultural phenomenon, shopping is the procedural execution of economic decision-making. This decision-making takes places in a sea of in which image and emotion are perhaps more likely to take precedence of narrowly defined economic and functional utility. The price tag on an item reflects a certain value but the real value is in the eye of the consumer and is the item worth that much to me. Using economic terms such as opportunity cost and opportunity benefit are especially relevant as a purchase decision hangs in the balance: â€Å"what will my friends think?†, â€Å"does it make me more attractive?†, â€Å"does it make me happy?† are examples of what goes throug h the ‘new’ consumer mind. The fact that a product will do the job is, at best, necessary but not sufficient and, at worst, totally irrelevant. As noted above, the process of shopping along with the acquired resultant booty are a reflection of a changing culture and value system. â€Å"Shopping† is part of a manner by which a person defines who they are. What is bought, where it came from and the motives define a person for themselves and, probably in large measure, to others aswell. Just as important as what, where and why that someone bought something are the ‘facts of omission’: that they did not buy it at a certain store, etc. is as relevant as the ‘facts of commission’. Consider the following telling examples of self-expression: the shopper purchases prominently labeled Pampered Chef cookware in lieu of functionally equivalent store merchandise,the man who purchases a Polo sweater with its distinctive logo over the perhaps even pricier/better nondescript brand,the person who chooses name-brand drinks when company is expected over the undistinguishable other brand.While the rationale for purchases are intriguing issues, it is interesting to note that everyone thinks they are good at it (Pooler,J. 2003, p. 4). This is all the more interesting in light of how one might possibly define â€Å"good† or â€Å"success†. Certainly, in the mind of the â€Å"above average† or even â€Å"good† consumer, it would be a short-lived experience as the satisfaction of a successful hunt only fuels the thirst for additional quarry. That this ubiquitous activity is seldom relegated to being considered just a â€Å"functional† activity in whichâ€Å"functional† products are the goal is c onsistent with the fact that itis now something of a recreational pursuit in which objects of deep psychological desire are hunted with a relish most often associated with sports participation. As most activities in which there is the reward, shopping can go â€Å"tofar†. For many the allure of shopping can be a bit too much. The attraction of shiny products, sexy packaging, tempting displays, glamorous advertisements, ever-so-helpful service staff and the extreme ease by which one can proffer payment, it is no wonder that someâ€Å"over-succumb† to the retail sirens. Given a society that is behaviorally and cognitively conditioned respond to the stimulus of retail, it is no surprise that some spend beyond their means. Others may have the means to financially afford the habit but are continue to seek fulfillment in a venue that cannot provide anything else than transitory happiness until the cycle begins again. The idea of more, of ever increasing wealth, has become the center of our identity and our security, and we are caught by it as an addict by his drugs. Paul Wachtel (Gini, A. 2003 p. 81) The idea that shopping can get out of hand does not escape the attention of either popular press such as Essence or more scholarly tomes such as the Journal of Consumer Research or CNS Drugs [CentralNervous System]. â€Å"Behind the urge to splure† reads Essence, is often a person who some degree, find that they cannot help themselves. For some, a certain purchase is simply â€Å"merchandise†, even if a bit pricey and fashionable. For others, it may represent a conscious or unconscious â€Å"sense of entitlement† or it may be a form of self-medication that is termed in some circles to be â€Å"retail therapy†(Bridgeforth, G. 2004, p. 156). This so-called therapy is likely caused by the psychological frustration from the lack of lasting fulfillment of pasting attempts to achieve â€Å"self-actualization† via shopping as a compensation mechanism. While a problem in itself,‘shopping for psychological satisfaction’ may be masking serious is sues such as a ‘clinically-qualifying’ depression or just ‘regular’ issues for which shopping is simply a surrogate means to attain a bit of self-esteem through â€Å"good shopping†. Though many in the popular press refer to someone as being a â€Å"shopping addict†, it is important to note that there are different types of addiction. Commonly, when one refers to someone as an â€Å"addict†, the mind conjures up the person who is addicted to cocaine, methamphetamines or even alcohol. These types of addictions are undoubtedly very real and, because of their nature, are referred to as physiological addictions. The chemicals in the abused substanceshyper-stimulate certain receptors in the central nervous system and their prolonged use created a deficit in the body’s production of endogenous analog. Such a deficit is augmented by a strong desire for such chemical stimulation as well as certain psychological â€Å"needs† or perhaps more accurately, â€Å"compunctions†. If it were the case that shopping was addictive in the same way that drugs are, we might expect to find that purchases of various persons showed little trends in that the same types or categories of items did not construe a consistent purchase incidence. In actuality, items that tend to be moreâ€Å"emotional† in nature have a distinct tendency for a greater purchase frequency that items with than items with less potential for attachment(Pooler, J. 2003, pp. 24-25). For example, â€Å"duct tape† or â€Å"milk† are items that would not be likely to be on a shopping addict’s list whereas items such as jewelry, fashion items or â€Å"elegant† undergarments are strong contenders. Though not quite like a drug addiction, shopping for certain individuals can be maladaptive or pathological in nature. Though it can not be deemed a physiological addiction, as we will discuss in more detail later, there are physiological consequences and manifestations of what is otherwise a psychological presentation. For these individuals, the entire shopping experience is different: to someone who has not experienced it, it would seem almost inconceivable that a person could be â€Å"out of control† to the extent that those suffering from compulsive spending disorder report as being. As Black reports,â€Å"†¦compulsive shoppers often describe their experiences as being enhanced by color, lighting or the odor of stores, as well as the textures of clothing†¦ [with] some even describing the experience as being sexually exciting† (Black, D. 2001, p. 23). According to these same reports, 83% of compulsive shoppers report that it makes them feelâ€Å"happy† while 71% indicate a â€Å"powerful† feeling. This feeling persist in the face of the guilt and consequences following their purchases which, in many cases, are either returned or given away and not retained (Black, D. 2001, p. 23). In determining if someone should be fitted with the label layperson’s terms being of a â€Å"shopping addict† or a â€Å"shop-a-holic†, a key qualifier is the expression of consumer demand that could be considered to beâ€Å"irrational†. Such classification must be considered in the context of the consumer’s lifestyle and income. With this in mind, it is not the object of demand so much as an extreme emotional or otherwise inappropriate level of demand within a ‘reasonable’ framework of acceptability (Pooler, J. 2003, p. 26). For example, the strong desire of a comparatively wealthy person or perhaps the elite harrier who wants the ‘very latest’ in performance athletic footwear is insufficient to earn such a label. On the other hand, the individual who is not, by any stretch of the imagination, remotely athletic and whose income in inconsistent with shoe’s whose price exceeds ten hours wages would likely be labeled i rrational. Such information in conjunction with other facts and the overall context would be in line with consideration for such a designation. Another consideration in the determination of the appropriateness of anon-clinical label such as a shopping addict is the overall magnitude of the behavior. A common behavior is that people, when they feel they have done â€Å"a good job† with some task will â€Å"self-reward†. This construct is could generally be termed to be a more benign presentation of the â€Å"self-medicating† label often is implemented in regards to a work-related behavior. This â€Å"psychological pat on the back†, whether a alternative compensation mechanism or a pure positive reinforcement of a selected behavior. Regardless, there is an intuitive level of reasonableness in relation to the magnitude of the reward with the degree of difficulty or relative â€Å"greatness† of task achievement. Depending on a number of factors, one employee may seek self-gratification through treating themselves to lunch while another could give them a license to splurge and run up a dispropor tionately hefty bill. All in all, though it would be exceeding convenient if there were a blood test to determine if one were an addict, it is simply not the case. Despite this, there are certain patterns that do fit the criteria for shopping being an addiction. While there are diagnostic criteria for the determination that an individual is a â€Å"shopping addict†, it is quite likely just as useful to define â€Å"addictive† behavior as occurring when there is strong irrational desire based upon a perceived need for some stimulus despite, in the long run pathological or maladaptive. The addict may likely know that the pursuit of such a stimulus is not in their best interests or they may, through ignorance or extreme desire, be blind to the negative consequences of continued consumption. Defined similarly as beingâ€Å"behavior triggered by internal psychological tension and accompanied by relief and frustration†¦ performed repeatedly despite its negative consequences† by DeSarbo and Edwards in research conducted to more accurately ascertain related psychological factors, either definition seems to adequately capture the intuitive connotation for such an assessment (DeSarbo, W. and E. Edwards 2004, p. 231). If 10% of the population have a problem and 9 of your friends are OK†¦Is it YOU? While it may not, in fact, be â€Å"1 in 10†, the incidence of compulsive buying disorder has been estimated to be between 2-8% with the overwhelming majority being female and with a comparatively young( Before plunging headlong into the issue of shopping as an addiction, itis important to differentiate between â€Å"compulsive† and â€Å"impulsive† spending. The distinguishing feature between them is the source of the impetus as being internal or external. Internal motivations such as anxiety or the seeking of increased self-esteem or gratification are the motivations for compulsive spending. Impulsive spending is differentiated by the stimulus for purchase is being driven by an external mechanism such as a blinking package, prominent placement such as an endcap or a â€Å"special† (DeSarbo, W. and E. Edwards 2004, p.233). Such as differentiation is important as it is not uncommon for compulsive buyers to also be impulsive buyers yet there are discernable differences in their psychological makeup. Clearly, shopping can be addictive and merits attention and possibly intervention. While there are common sense guidelines to assessing the such behavior as indicated previouly, more standard criteria have been developed to aid both a person in determining that they ought to seek professional help as well as aiding mental health professionals in making a confirmatory diagnosis. Developed under the assumption that materialism is a pervasive and global human trait, the Diagnostic Screener for Compulsive Buying Behavior (DSCB) was developed with seven key items: I made only the minimum payments on my credit cards.I wrote a check when I knew I didn’t have enough money in the bank.I felt others would be horrified if they knew of my spending habits.If I have any money left at the end of a pay period, I just have to spend it.I bought things even though I couldn’t afford them.I bought myself something in order to make myself feel better.I felt anxious on days I didn’t go shopping (Kwak, H., G. Zinkman, M. Crask 2003, p. 166).These items had an approximate overall reliability of 0.75 and were significant at the p>.05 level. Despite this, in trials with multiple samples from both the US, represented individualized ‘western culture, and South Korea, representing more a community/group-driven eastern culture, the emergence of dimensionality in the data was observed. In US samples, the premise that the seven test items capture adequately the various psychological tensions and anxieties that a person who suffers from compuls ive buying issues is supported without modification. However, South Korean samples, though supporting the hypothesis this instrument can reliably detect such issues, revealed bi-dimensionality in two constructs of: â€Å"Financial outcomes† (items 1,2 and 3),â€Å"Unfettered spending† (items 4,5 and 6) (Kwak, H. 2004, p. 167).Such a finding indicates that, in some cultures, consumers may see that an certain issue has different or distinct angles. For example, either an problem with the financial outcomes of behaviors or the fact that one may not be very restrained in spending is likely seen as the same issue by American consumers. In essence, the answers may be the same and the result the same but the meaning that a certain culture places upon one factor or another is relevant and only reiterates the changing nature and that interpretation of such instruments cannot be removed from the culture. Additional research by DeSarbo and Edwards published in the Journal of Consumer Psychology in which advanced statistical controls were utilized provide significant additional insights in the both the nature of the problem of compulsive buying and the discernment of the problem itself. In this research the authors cite numerous previous studies in which the behavior of compulsive buying has been linked to a number of psychological personality characteristics such as: Dependence DenialDepressionLack of impulse controlLow self-esteemApproval-seekingAnxietyEscape coping tendenciesGeneral compulsivenessMaterialismIsolationExcitement-seekingPerfectionism In addition, the factors of family environment, childhood experiences with money and spending, family communication patterns, as well as factors such as the number of credit cards regularly used,degree of credit debt and other compulsive behaviors demonstrated have been identified as potential predictors of compulsive buying activity(DeSarbo, W. and E. Edwards 2004, p. 232). Of all the factors indicated in assessing the issues that predispose an individual to compulsive buying behaviors, the â€Å"escape from anxiety† is most often labeled as the most influential factor. As multiple studies indicate, â€Å"†¦compulsive buyers react to stress with higher levels of anxiety than do noncompulsive buyers†. When ‘stressed out’, compulsive shoppers attempt to utilize purchases as a compensation mechanism or as an escape from the anxiety (DeSarbo, W. and E. Edwards2004, pp. 235, 236). Additionally, the following significant contributing factors are listed below: 1. Self-Esteem– Cited as the most common deficiency in those who are compulsive shoppers, it is easy to see how the act of purchasing an item can convey a sense of power and entitlement although it is one that is short-lived (DeSarbo, W. and E. Edwards 2004, p. 236). This non-durable pleasure serves to enhance the vicious cycle in which the progressive qualities of the â€Å"disease† are exhibited. This cycle is virtually identical to many physiological addictions in which there is desensitization or habituation to a certain level of stimulus: which each engagement, the person wants/needs a larger â€Å"dose† or a greater frequency of stimulation. 2. Perfectionism – This trait is frequently associated with invididuals who suffer from addiction and is characterized as being â€Å"unrealistic† expectations whose unfulfillability can result in a variety of issues such as depression, anxiety, and self-doubt. By purchasing, individuals with this trait are seeking to assuage these feelings and, for a short while, they may succeed (DeSarbo, W. and E. Edwards 2004, p. 236). 3. Impulsiveness– In the scheme of medical or psychological diagnosis, â€Å"compulsive buying behaviors† are close relatives of obsessive-compulsive behavioral disorders. The inability to control impulsive thoughts and/or the related ability to defer gratification are likely important contributors to this behavior (DeSarbo, W. and E. Edwards 2004, pp.236, 237). Also, as indicated earlier, there should be a distinction drawn between â€Å"compulsive† and â€Å"impulsive† buying behaviors in which the stimulation for action is internal or external, respectively. 4. Locus of Control –Much compulsive buying is likely related to a internal struggle to gainâ€Å"control† of a confounding and stressful external environment. When a person chooses to make a purchase, feelings of control are present as the person chooses the object, means, timing, location and, in some cases, the cost of their desires. This highly controlled situation could likely be contrasted to the context of the balance of their lives in which they are at the whim of others and exert no control and possibly even little influence upon the events and objects in their day. As such, those who are characterized as being compulsive consumers are likely to view themselves as â€Å"being controlled externally† as they have an inability to see themselves from the perspective that they are able to influence their lives internally(DeSarbo, W. and E. Edwards 2004, p. 238). In addition, addition personality traits such as â€Å"excitement seeking†, â€Å"approval seeking† or â€Å"dependence† issues as well as environmental factors or familial factors are considered to be characteristics that can contribute to or perpetuate cycles of compulsive consumerism. An example of an environmental factors that are potentially relevant are â€Å"isolation† in which the occasion of compulsive buying may provide a social outlet or â€Å"materialism† in which ‘keeping up with the Jones’’ becomes a compelling rationale for such spending (DeSarbo, W. and E.Edwards 2004, p. 239). With regards to familial factors, there are a great many learned behaviors that are internalized as â€Å"normal† in the context of the home. Additionally, most people first experience with money and managing finances come through the context of chores, an allowance and forms of rationed spending. These early experiences have a signi ficant influence upon adult behaviors as is the case in which children learn that â€Å"money is a reward† or perhaps are not taught that saving is a very important part of earning as well as spending(DeSarbo, W. and E. Edwards 2004, pp. 239,240). One of the ultimate goals of psychology is to understand, predict and influence behavior. To more fully understand the role that these personality traits, environmental and family or sociological issues plays in the expression of compulsive buying behaviors, DeSarbo and Edwards utilized advanced regression techniques to â€Å"tease out†additional insights that would otherwise be â€Å"buried† in using simpler techniques. The basic idea behind regression analysis is to plot a line which represents the extent to which a certain factor or group of factors can explain the variance of measurable behaviors within a sample group. More basic regression techniques such as linear regression utilize a formula of y=mx+b in which y is the expected behavior and x is the independent variable in which there it is posited there will be a influence y. In its most basic forms, variables are â€Å"lumped together† and one can determine only is a certain combination significantly influences the outcome. In more intermediate approaches, differing variables can be accounted for by there relative contribution to the outcome. In the more advanced data manipulations, technology enables the rapid assessment of various combinations or â€Å"clusters† of variables can be examined in order to more fully account for the observed sample variability. It was such an approach, â€Å"clusterwise constrained and unconstrained step-wise regression analysis†, that was employed by DeSarbo and Edwards to predict the maximum likelihood of compulsive buying by grouping specific combinations of these factors which each iteration testing for deviations in outcome as various factors or groups of factors are included or omitted. Results from this manipulation confirm the difference between â€Å"compulsive† buying in which the behavioral stimulation is more due to internal psychological factors and â€Å"impulsive† buying in which key drivers are more externally biased. In this analysis, the study revealed the key predictors of compulsive buying to be self-esteem, dependence and anxiety. For impulsive buying, factors yielding statistically significant influence were determined to be denial, isolation, approval seeking and coping. Additionally, â€Å"impulsiveness† as a personality trait factor displayed a significan t degree of influence over internally- and externally-driven compulsive buying behaviors (DeSarbo, W. and E. Edwards 2004, p. 248). Though the assessment devices that can shed insight on such psychological concepts as are indicated above, when utilized by a trained technician, can provide a more â€Å"clinical† means by which compulsive buying issues can be gauged, many of the same indices are often incorporated in to what might be termed â€Å"user-friendly field assessment quizzes†. Such a screening tool may be especially helpful as a guide to help one self-determine if there is a potential likelihood of an issue that may need merit professional assistance. An example of this type of quiz is given below: 1. Do you hide purchases from your partner to avoid a fight?2. Are there garments in your closet from seasons past that still have tags on them?3. Do you â€Å"forget† about purchases made and then find yourself without the money to pay for them when the bill arrives at the end of the month?4. Have you consolidated your credit card debt or rolled it into a refinance?5. Do you travel at the drop of a hat and take additional trips before past trips are paid for?6. Do you tap into â€Å"emergency† savings regularly to make ends meet?7. Are you unable to contribute the maximum to your 401(k) because you need extra dollars to pay your bills?8. Have you withdrawn from or made loans against your 401(k)? (Bridgeforth, G. 2004, p. 158) Though these â€Å"yes or no† questions are relatively unsophisticated, they can provide significant insight into the issues identified by Kwak, et al., such as the emphasis on financial outcomes, unrestrained spending and activities that might be suggestive of behavioral patterns as opposed to single incidents. Grappling with the Gray Area†¦ A Continuum Approach to Pathology One of the key features of this â€Å"disease† is that, like many psychological issue, it typically begins almost unnoticed and gradually progresses. The initial cycle is likely to begin even innocuously yet the behavior of spending is reinforced by the association of the positive feeling that one has shortly after the purchase. Though this seems reasonable, there is a pronounced tendency on behalf of most people if not medical professionals are well to see illness in terms of a dichotomous perspective. While this is a convenient method, it is indeed too convenient to model the reality of a continuum-approach to this issue. Further, there are traits that seem to predispose one to compulsive spending such as personality or familial factor

An Evaluation of the Article: Why Looks Are the Last Bastion of Discrim

In today’s job market, there are many reasons an individual could be turned down for employment. According to Deborah Rhodes, author of â€Å"Why looks are the last bastion of discrimination†, appearance should not be one of them. Rhodes is a law professor at Stanford and holder of numerous titles for her outstanding work in legal matters. She is also the author and co-author of over 250 articles (Directory). In this article, she addresses an issue with profound impact on today’s society. She proposes that appearance discrimination should be included in anti-discrimination laws in addition to what is already accepted and legalized in today’s workplace. While it is a seemingly â€Å"silly† concern, it is actually quite valid. There has been many a concern over discrimination. That is, discrimination based on race, color, gender, and others of a similar nature in the work environment. Mainly, the article focuses on the injustices people have encountered in a work environment. Rhodes appeals to her audience as everyday â€Å"average† people who identify with the plight of another. Although she makes a compelling argument referencing studies and personal stories of people this has happened to, there are flaws in her argument that could discredit the validity of her reasoning. The logic in her article highly finds favor with the general working public. It is both consistent and appropriate. However, it is not complete, nor fully believable. I will discuss the following in the next paragraphs. Her use of research and anecdotes are mostly one-sided and while it brings valid points for the workers, fail to portray opposing views on the issue, that of the employer. She also neglects to further explore and compare the validity of this claim against wel... ...al." Fox News. 05 Apr. 2012. FOX News Network. 31 Mar. 2014 . "Prohibited Employment Policies/Practices." Prohibited Practices. The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. 30 Mar. 2014 . Rhodes, Deborah L. "Why looks are the last bastion of discrimination." Washington Post. 23 May 2010. The Washington Post. 26 Mar. 2014 . Thompson, Krissah. "Michelle Obama invokes U.S. civil rights movement in China visit." Washington Post. 24 Mar. 2014. The Washington Post. 25 Mar. 2014 .

Marketing on the marketing research department

It is to be recalled that at the meeting of the Board of Directors of Company X held on 30 June, 2006, approval was given for the establishment of a Marketing Research Department. This decision was finally taken after several presentations were made to the Board to that effect.   The newly created department was charged with the following responsibilities:a.Determine how various customer groups are reacting to present marketing mixes of company Xb.Evaluate the effectiveness of operational marketing mixesc.Create new marketing mixes for new customer marketsd.Assess changes in the external environment and the effect they would have on product and service strategye.Identify new market   (a to e are after McDaniel and Gates, 1999)f.Assess present relationships with external marketing agencies with the view to making them stronger.This report presents the current and potential problems confronting our organization from the perspective of marketing and how the newly created department intends to solve them. It also considers new opportunities that have been thrown up since the creation of the department and how it intends to take advantage of them. The marketing department also plans to recruit additional staff. The new staff shall be given an orientation to enable better cope with our style of working. Details of the marketing research process have been given in Appendix 1.IDENTIFIED PROBLEMSAs with most start-up departments, the newly created marketing research department has no past records to guide its work. The only available records are those from our relationships with external marketing agencies. They cover mostly farmed out work from our organization. As a baby trying to walk, we anticipate to encounter difficulties but shall learn as we crawl forward. The department is seriously understaffed, so additional staff must be recruited to enable it discharge its assigned responsibilities.The new staff members would be given an orientation to enable them cope with our unique style of working. The department would also have to put in place expanded information systems to cope with the additional responsibilities assigned to it. Such systems would enable us handle the data that we collect and analyze effortlessly. There is also the need to put up in-house facilities for focus-group work and telephony research.IDENTIFIED OPPORTUNITIESIt is estimated that about over One billion people use the internet worldwide (Business week, 2005). Available reports indicate that this figure shall increase in future. This is a big opportunity for our company, if we can identify our customers and offer them tailor-made goods and services.Some of the market segments of our company are presently underserved. There is the need to accurately identify them and map out strategies to fully serve them. New markets have also opened up in other countries and regions that we must adequately research and go after.PROPOSED SOLUTIONSWe shall have to develop discussion gu ide book for our focus group work and also a manual on the research process orientation. Five additional staff shall be recruited for our in-house research work. Of the staff employed two with a background information technology and electronic business or commerce shall be needed for our web-based businesses. Materials shall also be procured for our in-house focus group work. New Information systems shall be purchased to seamlessly weave data output from the different departments with that of marketing research.From our customer research studies, we shall be better placed to take advantage of the opportunities that have risen up online.   It is our goal to match the enormous opportunity online with the strength of our new staff members, with the background in electronic business or commerce.   The business and marketing plans shall provide details on how new emerging markets shall be entered into and existing ones developed. The plans shall also outline ways and means of forging solid relationships with marketing agencies and other stakeholders.ConclusionIt is our wish that if these measures are implemented, we shall not only see a vibrant marketing research department but also the kind that contributes enormously to our company’s bottom line results.Appendix 1THE MARKETING RESEARCH PROCESSMcDaniel and Gates (1999) have outlined an eight stage procedure for conducting marketing. These are:a.Problem or opportunity identification and formulationb.Creation of research designc.Selection of research methodologyd.Selection of sampling proceduree.Collection of dataf.Analysis of datag.Preparation and writing of reporth.Follow upa.Problem or opportunity identificationDuring this stage attempt is made to identify the problem at stake or the opportunity to be taken advantage of. Attempt is also made to grasp the scope of the problem and also the opportunity. The information needed in solving the problem and the way and manner it should be obtained is also dete rmined.   After having grasped the scope of the problem or opportunity, the research objectives are outlined. It must be stressed that it is essential for the problem under investigation to be thoroughly understood as the other subsequent stages rest on this stage.b.Creation of research designAt this stage, the researcher devises a plan or an approach for answering the research question. In doing so, the researcher must opt for an approach that is cost-effective and also provide the highest possible information for decision making.C.Selection of research methodologyThere are essentially three major methods for carrying out marketing research. These are surveys, observation and experiment. At this stage therefore the research should select one or a combination of them to collect the information needed.d.Selection of sampling procedureA sample is a subset of the population the researcher is interested in.At this stage therefore, the researcher decides on which members of the target population should be used for the research†¦ The researcher must determine whether he would give each and every member of the target population equal opportunity to participate in the research or only a select few shall be used.e.Collection of dataThis stage entails the collection of the information that the researcher is interested in.   This can be interviewing, survey questionnaire, and observation. The researcher can decide to collect the information himself or ask other persons to do so on his behalf.f.Analysis of dataThe data collected is analyzed at this stage to give meaning to it. From the analysis, it makes it possible for the researcher to interpret the results and offer recommendations and conclusiong.Preparation and writing of report.The analyzed and interpreted data must be communicated to the desired audience in a report. Since the objective of this stage   is to give understanding to what the researcher has found, the report was be tailored to needs of the a udience.h.Follow-upAt this stage, the researcher seeks to find out whether the results and recommendations made in a report have been used and also what has been the outcome of itAReferences1.Businessweek (2005). The Future of Tech, Businessweek ,20th June edition.McDaniel, C. and Gates, R. (1999). Contemporary Marketing Research, South-Western College Pub

What Is AP Environmental Science Expert Guide

What Is AP Environmental Science Expert Guide SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you thinking about taking AP Environmental Science but want more information on the course before you decide to enroll? Well, you’ve come to the right place!AP Environmental Science (also called AP Enviro or APES) is one of the most popular AP classes- butsometimesstudents don’t know much about it before they enroll, which can make the class difficult and unenjoyable. So what is AP Environmental Science? In this guide, I’ll explain what topics the course covers, show you some sample problems from previous AP Enviro exams, and discuss who should take the class (it might not be who you’re expecting). After, I'll end with some tips for success if you do decide to take AP Enviro. Let’s get started! What Does AP Environmental Science Cover? What do students in APES learn and what does the exam cover? While you can get an in-depth look at the class by checking out the College Board’s course description for AP Environmental Science,if you find this too wordy or information-heavy, here’s a briefer, clearer overview of the course. AP Enviro is an interdisciplinary course that focuses on ecological processes, human impacts on the Earth, and how to resolve or prevent natural and human-made environmental problems. The class and exam focus on seven main topics: Earth Systems and Resources (10%-15%):Geology, the atmosphere, water resources, soil science, etc. The Living World (10%-15%):Ecosystems, energy flow, biogeochemical cycles Population (10%-15%):Population ecology, reproductive strategies, survivorship Land and Water Use (10%-15%):Agriculture, forestry, mining, fishing, global economics Energy Resources and Consumption (10%-15%):Different types of energy (e.g., fossil fuels, nuclear, hydroelectric, etc.), energy consumption, renewable energy Pollution (25%-30%):Types of pollution, economic impacts of pollution, how pollution affects environmental and human health Global Change (10%-15%):Global warming, loss of biodiversity, changes to the ozone Like other AP science classes, AP Enviro also includes a lab component, and students who take the class will get hands-on experience in the form of completing labs, observing the natural world, and/or doing field work. You might have to collect water and test it for certain chemicals, observe wildlife in a field or forest, track plant growth, and so on. Students who complete AP Environmental Science are expected to be able to apply scientific concepts, principles, and methodologies to real-world examples and problems. The exam questions are designed to test this knowledge, too. Wondering what kinds of questions you’ll be asked on the AP Enviro exam? Read on to find out! What's on the AP Environmental Science Exam? The AP Environmental Science exam consists of 100 multiple-choice questions and four free-response questions.The total length of the exam is three hours (one hour and 30 minutes for both the multiple-choice and free-response sections). The multiple-choice section counts for 60% of your overall AP Enviro score, while the free-response section counts for 40%. The four free-response questions consist of the following: One document-based question for which you'll have to answer questions on a given document, such as a newspaper article or brochure One data set questionfor which you’ll be given a set of data and must analyze and interpret it Two synthesis and evaluation questionsfor which you’ll have to write in-depth essays Looking at sample questions can give you a better idea of what you’re expected to know and what you will be tested on. If you want to look at a wide variety of sample questions, you can readthrough previous AP exams or check out our review guide for the AP Enviro Exam. For now, here are a few sample APES questions to serve as an introduction: Multiple-Choice AP Enviro Questions Multiples of each are shown below: This is your standard multiple-choice question, which you’ve likely seen hundreds of before. For this question, the answer is E. To answer each of these three questions, you’d need to look at the above graph and select the plot that best fits the population trend being described. (Answers: 1. = A, 2. = D, 3. = B) Free-Response AP Enviro Section As mentioned above, there are three types of (and four total) free-response questions on the test. Below is anexample of a synthesis and evaluation question, of which therewill be two on the APES exam: To get a high score on this question, you'd have to write a thoughtful, coherent essay that includes complete answers to each of the four subpoints (a-d). Who Should Take AP Environmental Science? AP Environmental Science is one of the more popular AP exams to take; however, a lot of students who take it don’t do particularly well. Based on 2017 data released by the College Board, APEnvironmental Science has the fourth-lowest passing rate of all AP tests.About half (49.4%) of students who took the test passed (in other words, they scored a 3 or higher), only 9.5% scored a 5 (the highest score), and the average score students received was a 2.67, which is nota passing score. Yikes! So is AP Enviro super hard? Not really. It usually requires less work than other AP science classes, and the consensus among students is that the material isn’t particularly difficult. However, many students take APES because they're trying to fill a spot in their schedule or squeeze in an extra AP class, even if they aren’t very interested in it and don't have a lot of experience with AP classes or have enough time to prepare for it. This lack of adequate preparation contributes to low AP Enviro scores. Taking AP Environmental Science and doing poorly in the class and on the exam will not impress colleges or get you any college credit, so definitely try to avoid these scenarios! Now, let’s go over who should take the AP Enviro class and exam: 2 Reasons NOT to Take AP Environmental Science We'll start with two types of students who probably shouldn't take AP Environmental Science. #1: You Plan on Majoring in Science This might be surprising since the word science is actually in the course title, but, as a matter of fact, AP Environmental Science isn’t the best class for future science majors. This is because the class is more interdisciplinary than it is science-based. Compared with other AP science classes such as biology and chemistry, AP Enviro includes a lot more history, writing, and cross-curricular topics. In fact, many colleges that give college credit for AP Enviro give social science creditsas opposed to science credits! AP Enviro can still be a good option if you’re deeply interested in the topic or plan on continuing to study environmental science. But if you’re looking for an AP class to help prepare you for college-level science classes or to get you science credit for college,APES isn’t the best choice. #2: You Don't Have Enough Time to Devote to the Class A lot of students sign up for AP Enviro because it has a reputation for being easy and less work than other AP science classes.Although the material it covers might not be as complicated or in-depth as that in other AP classes, this doesn’t mean you can coast through the class and expect to pass the AP exam. As mentioned above, the majority of students who take the Environmental Science AP exam don’t even pass it, let alone get a 5. AP Enviro still requires you to memorize certain information, make connections, and develop specific skills, and you won’t be able to do this if you don’t plan on putting in the time needed to do well in the class. 4 Reasons to Consider Taking AP Environmental Science AP Environmental Science can be a good class to take for many people. You should consider taking it if one or more of the following applies to you: You’re interested in the environment and/or related topics,such as sustainability, biodiversity, how humans are impacting the earth, etc. You want to take an AP science class but don’t have the space or feel prepared to take AP Biology, Physics, or Chemistry Your school’s APES class has a reputation for being interesting, teaching students a lot, and adequately preparing them for the exam Your other classes and extracurriculars leave you with enough time and energy to spend preparing for this class How to Succeed in AP Environmental Science: 3 Tips If you do decide to enroll in AP Enviro, here are a few tips to help you do well in the class: Tip 1: Don't Expect It to Be All About Science As I mentioned before, AP Enviro isn’t a pure science class. It’s highly interdisciplinary and will include historical information, current events, critical reading skills, and more.If you expect this AP class to be completely science-focused, you might struggle with some aspects of it. While there will be graphs and scientific questions, the AP exam will also ask you to write complete essays and interpret documents, similar to many AP history and English exams. If you struggled with any of these classes or exams before, make sure that you feel more prepared for the AP Environmental Exam. Tip 2: Know How to Read and Interpret Visual Data Many APES exam questions, both multiple-choice and free-response, will ask you to look at a data table, chart, or graph and answer questions about it.Because these questions will require you to be able to understand and analyze different types of data, it’s critical that you know how to do this well before you take the AP Enviro exam. Taking practice exams and quizzes will help you out. You can also look through your textbook and homework, and even relevant newspaper or journal articles, for more examples. When you come across a graph, chart, or something similar, answer the following questions to ensure you’re thinking critically about the data: What is this data showing? What patterns are there? Does any of the data not fit the pattern? What might have caused this? Why is this data important? Tip 3: Remember That Everything's Connected Probably the most important theme of AP Environmental Science is that everything is related. The Earth is one interconnected system, and you need to be able to understand where and why those connections exist. This is not a class in which memorizing isolated facts or terms will get you very far. You can know every step of the nitrogen cycle, but if you can’t explain why this cycle is important,; how it affects plants, animals, and ecosystems; and the impacts it has on Earth, you will earn very few points on the APES exam. As you go through the class, always be thinking about how whatever topic you’re currently studyingis related to past topics and the world as a whole. It’ll also help to think about ways humans might have impacted or been impacted by the topic (if its sustainability is in jeopardy) and how problems related to it can potentially be resolved. Conclusion: What Is AP Environmental Science? Having an introduction to AP Environmental Science can help you decide whether you should take the course or not; it can also show you what to expect if you do decide to enroll. The APES class covers seven main topics: Earth Systems and Resources The Living World Population Land and Water Use Energy Resources and Consumption Pollution Global Change While the material this class covers isn’t particularly complicated or overwhelming,students often underestimate the work needed to do well in it. As a result, many don’t pass the AP exam at the end of the year. This is why you should only take AP Enviro if you have the time and motivation to complete the coursework and prepare for exams, including the final AP test. Because it includes topics from many areas, APES might be of interest to many students. However, if you’re looking for an AP class that'll get you science credit for college and prepare you for future science classes, AP Enviro might not be the best choice since it’s more of an interdisciplinary class than it is a pure science class. Finally, if you decide to take AP Environmental Science, keep these three tips in mind: Don’t expect the class to be all about science Learn how to analyze and interpret visual data Remember that everything is connected What's Next? Looking for resources to help you study for the AP Enviro exam?Check out our ultimate APES review guide, and get access to practice questions with our compilation of the best APES tests. Thinking about AP Environmental Science but not sure what other classes you should enroll in? Learn which AP classes you should takeand create a plan for your future studies. How many AP classes should you take?Get your answer based on your interests and your college goals. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

U.S Intervention Essays - Moiss Giroldi, Panama, Noriega

U.S Intervention Essays - Moiss Giroldi, Panama, Noriega U.S Intervention U.S Intervention As early as the 1500s, the idea of constructing a ship canal between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans occurred to navigators and explorers, as the geographical form of the Central American Isthmus was becoming known. Many Isthmus surveys were made over the years. Opinion remained divided between a route through Panama and a longer route through Nicaragua. This divided opinion continued until the building of the Panama Canal was begun by the U.S. in 1904. By the end of the century the U.S. government would find themselves in an unnerving situation; concerned with the Panama Canal and other economic interests would unfortunately demonstrate unequaled force and damage to an innocent people with their focus on something other than what was in the sights of their rifles. Panama was originally created by the US in 1903 so that they could build a canal between the Pacific and the Atlantic Ocean. Noriega, Panamas defacto leader, was in league with the US, the CIA, and the Drug Enforcement Agency until 1986. In June 1987 violent popular demonstrations erupted in the streets, due to reports of election fraud and Noriegas involvement in major human rights abuses. In February 1988, Noriega was charged by the US courts with aiding in the trafficking of drugs between Columbia and the US. The president of Panama subsequently fired Noriega from commander of the Panamanian Defense Force. The National Assembly replaced the president with a supporter of Noriega. Noriega himself although still sustained most of the power within the Panama Defense Force. The U.S. refused to recognize the new president and placed massive economic pressure on Panama by cutting off U.S. aid, freezing all Panamanian corporations. Noriega was a corrupt dictator heading an efficient narco-militaristic regime in Panama. He was involved in drug trafficking, arms smuggling, money laundering, and the ruthless oppression of his people. He also systematically violated the American-Panamanian Canal treaties and harassed U.S. forces and institutions in Panama. The problems the U.S. recognized in Noriega began in 1985 as an internal Panamanian affair. Between 1985 and the 1989 U.S. invasion, it went through a series of five mini-crises. These included the murder of Hugo Spadaraora, a physician but also a revolutionary, a guerrilla fighter, and a political activist. The Herrara confessions were brought forth by Colonel Roberto Herrera who was to replace Noriega after he was to retire in 1987. After Noriega announced he would remain in control Herrera in retaliation publicly revealed details about Noriegas crimes as well as accused him of orchestrating the murder of Spadafora. A turning point occurred in February 1988, wh en the United States declared drugs to be the major threat to American society at the same time that Noriega was indicted in Florida for drug trafficking and money laundering. The Reagan and Bush administrations hoped for and peferred a Panamanian solution, like a coup, an election that would end Noriegas rule, or a popular uprising similar to that of the uprising that dumped Ferdinand Marcos of the Philippines. On October 1st 1989, the wife of Moises Giroldi, a member of Noriegas inner circle who had crushed the 1988 Macias coup attempt, informed Southcom officers that her husband was planning a nonviolent coup against Noriega and that he wanted limited U.S. help. Giroldis coup took place on October 3rd 1989. Mrs. Giroldi and her children were given shelter, the U.S. forces blocked the requested roads and for a few hours Noriega was a prisoner in the hands of Giroldi, who tried unsuccessfully to persuade him to retire. Supposedly several rebel leaders, but not Giroldi, were then prepared to turn Noriega over to U.S. authorities, but in some way Noriega was able to contact his special unit, Battalion 2000. The Battalion crushed the rebellion using other Noriega loyalists. Giroldi was later severely tortured and killed as were several other coup leaders. The two administrations used covert operations to help start popular uprisings and coups and also assisted the opposition in the 1989 Panamanian elections. None of these efforts were successful, and the United States decided to use other measures to remove Noriega such as negotiations, economic and diplomatic sanctions, and military threats. These attempts also failed, partly due to mixed messages, operational restrictions, and incompetent